Where Youre Going, Where Ive Been

Where You’re Going, Where I’ve Been Hey everyone! Some people have asked if Im still blogging (mostly my mom). Yes, I am, but Ive just been very busy/lazy/boring. The only major news on my end since the last time we caught up is that I got my EMT training and have started working on the MIT-EMS ambulance. On your end: CPW! Hopefully youll be able to join us for Campus Preview Weekend. When I was a prefrosh, I couldnt make it to CPW, but I visited on my own about a month later. Either way, I urge everyone, admitted or otherwise, to try to visit as many of your options as possible. Campus visits really helped me narrow my decision down to two schools, and there is no better way to get a feel for a college. Im really excited to see you guys, the next generation of MIT students. CPW will be all kinds of fun. Click here to browse through all 660+ events. I recommend getting an idea now of what all you want to do when you get here. With so many events to choose from, it would be good to have at least a rough outline of what youd like to see. Here are my picks: N.A.L.G.A.S. Fiesta: Thursday, 5-7:30pm, Next House. This will be awesome. There will be beavers filled with candy for you to break open with a baseball bat. -Meet the bloggers! Friday, 6:30pm, 2nd floor of the Student Center. Youll introduce yourselves to us; well introduce ourselves to you. -Student Activities Fair: Saturday, 1-3pm, Johnson. This is, in my opinion, one of the most valuable events of CPW. There will be hundreds of booths and thousands of strangers handing out free swag and begging for your email address. You can get a sense of what types of activities you can, and will, get involved with. There will be another event like this during Orientation week, but the CPW fair is a good way to interact with organizations before you have to make your matriculation decision. WMBR Open House: Saturday, 3pm, Walker Memorial Building. See behind the scenes of MITs student radio station and its enormous record library. Ever wanted to see what a vinyl record is like? Find out how to get your own radio show? Heres your chance! Youll also be able to pick a song to introduce and play live on the air. I think that is pretty darn cool. Finally, if you have any questions about your visit to MIT, or your college choices in general, feel free shoot me an email me at the address in the banner.

Sales and Marketing Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Location-Nestled between the Blue Mountains west of Sydney in Katoomba is the most lifestyle oriented and eclectic foods street. Location-Nestled between the Blue Mountains west of Sydney in Katoomba is the most lifestyle oriented and eclectic foods street. The Katoomba restaurant is well known for its mouth-watering dishes. The entire staff of Katoomba Street is well trained and equipped with extensive knowledge of each bottle on the beverage menu. This offers the restaurant an upper edge as it reassures that its clients receive exceptional services from the entire staff. As a small restaurant, Katoomba street caf is an ideal location for intimate dinners. The awesome support of the waiters coupled with Blue Mountains view, nice ambiance, and the tasty, innovative menu makes lovers relax and enjoy their romance. Weakness Overpriced foods and snacks, with two burgers, wedges a toastie, one is bound to pay a hefty $57. The poor Service-The waitress is slow in serving the clients t he food and snacks that the clients have ordered for. Limited hours of operation-The street caf is operational between 9:30 am till 5:00 pm. It is bound to lose a lot of clients who go to work in the morning and may prefer to take breakfast from the hotel. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales and Marketing or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Leeflang et al. , note that by motivating the customer experience, it is bound to improve the client experience it provides to the clients. Moreover, any client who is prepared to capture a photo of their meal and distribute it to followers online is a prospective brand promoter.

Imc Tools Used by Lux - 2060 Words

IMC TOOLS USED BY LUX Promotion The great Indian brand wagon started nearly four decades ago. Great brands sometimes outlast their ambassadors as proven by Lux which celebrated its 75th anniversary in India. The first ambassador, Leela Chitnis featured in a Lux advertisement which flagged off the Lux wagon. She gave way to a galaxy of stars which includes Madhubala, Nargis, Meena Kumari, Mala Sinha, Sharmila Tagore, Waheeda Rehman, Saira Banu, Hema Malini, Zeenat Amaan, Juhi Chawla, Madhuri Dixit, Sridevi, Aishwarya Rai and Kareena Kapoor. The last frontier for most actors aspiring to stardom is becoming a Lux ambassador. The brand has outlasted many soaps. From the beginning, Lux became a household name across the country. Sales†¦show more content†¦The Bars come in package sizes of 100g, 120g, 150 g .Lux has also launched a 45 g variant called Mini Lux priced at Rs. 5. Point of Purchases: The LUX is not given a notable placement on the shelves of different retail shops departmental stores for its sales promotion. Usually the company goes for wide display in the stores where it potential for its product. Different eye-catching decorations are made inside the store and in the showcase for outside display. These arrangements are made with the assistance of the sales people of the company. Advertisements: The message that the product reflects in its advertisements is the one that is usually narrated by the corporate itself. Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor. Ads can be a cost effective way to disseminate messages, whether to build a brand preference or to educate people. USP or the common thread through all the advertisements is the Presence of Movie Stars through the ages. The product has been positioned on the basis of REFERENCE GROUP by using a celebrity popular at that point in time. Some amount of attribute positioning by mentioning the various ingredients has also been done. Lux campaigns have wooed millions of people over the decades. Popularly known as the beauty soap of film stars, Lux has been an intimate partner of the brightest stars on the silver screen for decades. An ode to theirShow MoreRelatedIntegrated Marketing Communications5413 Words   |  22 PagesCommunication Definition: IMC is a concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communications disciplines – for example, general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations – and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communications impact by The American Association of Advertising Agencies (the 4A’s) The Emergence of IMC The Market revolutionRead MoreMarketing Is Called Delivery of Standard of Living4264 Words   |  18 Pagesnot marketing...however the publicity and hyping of the event for commercial purposes is. It was the era of the clean-cut figure in a smart suit, the glad hander salesman who could sell refrigerators to an Eskimo, capable of selling everything from used cars to Bibles. It was sometime in the late Forties that attention came to rest upon a number of inter related elements of the marketing task that seemed to act together to influence the offtake of a product or service. Neil Borden of Harvard coinedRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesrelations Understanding individual consumer behaviour Understanding industrial consumer behaviour Customer satisfaction Customer relationship management Marketing of services Rural marketing Types of marketing research Process of marketing research Tools and Techniques of marketing research Applications of marketing research Preparation of marketing research report Online marketing E-commerce Trends in marketing Page No. Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction Read MoreReed Supermarket Case32354 Words   |  130 Pagesotherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any afï ¬ liation with or endorsementRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagescreate jobs in the economy by increasing demand for goods and services. C) It helps to build a loyal customer base but has no impact on a firms intangible assets. D) It is more important for bigger organizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofit organizations. Answer: B Page Ref: 4 Objective: 1 Difficulty: Easy 2) ________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior

The Birthmark Analysis - 1198 Words

The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a dark romantic short story based in the nineteenth century. The short story highlights the relationship between Aylmer and Georgiana as well as the dynamics of the different personality types between the two. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses Aylmer as well as Georgiana an example of tragic flaws to further the conflict in the story. A tragic flaw is a literary device found within The Birthmark. â€Å"Tragic flaw is a literary device that can be defined as a trait in a character leading to his downfall and the character is often the hero of the literary piece. This trait could be the lack of self-knowledge, lack of judgment and often it is hubris† (Tragic). Tragic flaws derived from Greek tragedies and normally†¦show more content†¦Even Pygmalion, when his sculptured woman assumed life, felt not greater ecstasy then mine will be† (Hawthorne 4). The story of Pygmalion tells a story of a man who made a sculpture of a beautiful woman from ivory, he loved this â€Å"woman† so much that once time when he was praying, the goddess Venus saw how much love he had for it that she turned the statue real (The Story of Pygmalion). This allusion to the poem can show us multiple things about Aylmers character, as well as where he went wrong. Aylmer sees himself as a magical creator, that he can use science to perfect what â€Å"mistakes† nature had made. The reference also reveals a fundamental misunderstanding for Aylmers own scientific experiment, Aylmer is not creating a woman, Aylmer is trying to fix something that has already been made. This reference shows that Aylmers self-regard has blinded himself to the true nature of his experiment. Georgiana is an important character in this story, she not only is the owner of the birthmark that Aylmer sets out to remove, but she also shows us how women in the nineteenth century are treated and how they are supposed to act. â€Å"Women were thought to be more pur e, innocent, and morally superior to men; however, they were also more easily corrupted. More importantly, women who expressed traits or desires contrary to these ideals were ostracized and deemed to have unsexed themselves† (Radek). Women in the nineteenth century were supposed to act passively, women were justShow MoreRelatedSula Birthmark Analysis1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birthmark and Sula: Forced Identity Toni Morrison’s novel Sula, examines a wide range of topics, delving particularly into morality, the black female experience, and friendship. The narrative follows childhood best friends, Nel and Sula, as they navigate life in the Bottom, a black community in Ohio. Although inseparable as children, even undivided after accidentally killing a two-year-old boy, they follow divergent paths as adults. Nel leads a life of conformity; Sula does the opposite. AnRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Birthmark 905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nathaniel Hawthorn story â€Å"The Birthmark† is a about a scientist who strives to fix the imperfections of human nature. Not only does he kill his wife during the process, his attempt to have any control over human nature dies as well. This story is ironic in the way Hawthorne uses his symbolism in his characters to portray. 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In the birthmark AylmerRead MoreThe Birthmark Literary Analysis914 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Birthmark†, a short story by Nathanial Hawthorne, the use of the archetypal conflict Nature vs. Science, the character of Damsel in Distress, and the symbol of the Incurable Wound show how easily beauty is overlooked in the endeavor for perfection. The archetypal conflict of Nature vs. Science is shown in Aylmer’s intention to remove the birthmark, nature’s constant reminder of human mortality, from Georgiana’s cheek. Aylmer believed that the birthmark might heighten Georgiana’s beautyRead More Analysis of The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne Although â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in the mid-1800s, its themes and ideas are still a part of society today. The 19th century was a time of change, just as this, the millennium, is a time of great change. Hawthorne’s ideas about science, beauty, and life still play a major part in our lives, despite many improvements. Even today, people try to play â€Å"God† and change things that nature has put in place. It’s human curiosity;Read MoreAnalysis Of The Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne1603 Words   |  7 PagesShadow of the Grim â€Å"The Birthmark,† a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, was published in 1843. The story is set around the last century and focuses on a â€Å"man of science† and his wife. The most prominent elements of the story are the inexhaustible use of foreshadowing, symbolism, and the irony of the relationship of Aylmer and Georgiana. â€Å"The Birthmark† is reminiscent of today’s science fiction genre, with mild religious undertones. Aylmer, the main protagonist, is a ‘Man of Science’ who isRead More Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper, The Birthmark, and The Goose Girl2782 Words   |  12 Pages There have been various analysis based on these three stories and the characters involved: â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† â€Å"The Birthmark,† and â€Å"The Goose Girl†. This paper will focus on analysis based on figurative languages used either consciously or unconsciously, the passivity of the characters, motivations, rol e performed in the story, and the agendas used by the various authors. The point of this analysis is to show how various authors have used short stories to give the world a diverse messageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne1651 Words   |  7 PagesHumans possess the desire to be perfect, which simply does not exist on earth and can only be achieved in dreams or in death and is explained in â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Despite wanting to be perfect, humans also desire the need to love and to be loved in return, which often leads to unhappy, bad, forceful relationships as expressed in â€Å"Living In Sin† by Adrienne Rich. Within our human lives we often desire to be labeled by who and what we are so we can know our place in this world;Read MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Birthmark 1262 Words   |  6 PagesEssay on Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"The Birthmark† In his celebrated short story â€Å"The Birthmark†, Nathaniel Hawthorne introduces us to Aylmer, the main protagonist of the story, as a man of science and an eminent natural philosopher, who is married to the beautiful Georgina. Despite her exquisite beauty, Georgina had a small defect, present in her cheek in the form of a small red birthmark shaped like a tiny hand. â€Å"Many a desperate swain would have risked life for the privilege of pressingRead MoreEssay about Analysis of quot;The Birthmarkquot;963 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing perfect in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Birthmark. This short story is about a devoted scientist who marries a beautiful woman with a single physical flaw; a birthmark on her face. Aylmer becomes obsessed with the imperfection and needs to remove it, to be happy with his wife. The tale evolves around his progressive frenzy to use his scientific skills to render his bride perfect. Only imperfection is what nearsighted Aylmer sees in the birthmark on Georgianas cheek. But he is unfortunately

Exotic Pets Pros and Cons free essay sample

The panic and terror experienced by the monkeys, bears, lions and leopards that ran loose in Ohio earlier this week as they were chased and then killed by the police. Imagine the heartbreak of the police officers who were obliged to destroy the rambling menagerie. Officers are not trained to stalk big game and bring them in alive with tranquilizer darts. Related News Police Kill Dozens of Animals Freed on Ohio Reserve (October 20, 2011) Why was there no law regulating the animal collection of Terry Thompson, who freed his animals and then apparently killed himself? I’ve spent the last few years prowling America in search of people who share their lives with great apes, big cats and long snakes. Mr. Thompson is not unique. Monkeys seem particularly ubiquitous; a cursory online search can connect you with a purveyor. Exotic animal auctions are crowded with buyers, and the Captive Wild Animal Protection Coalition — which opposes the practice — estimates the number of exotic fanciers in the millions. We will write a custom essay sample on Exotic Pets Pros and Cons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Owners who bond with their pets as cubs or kittens, bottle-feed and cuddle them, often convince themselves that their relationship is special and their full-grown bear or cat will never turn on them. Yet it’s not just about cuteness and beauty; controlling an animal that arouses fear in other people can be appealing. That’s why those with egos that need feeding, from Kublai Khan to William Randolph Hearst to Mexican drug traffickers, are connected by the desire to stock their personal zoos. Most apes, cats, bears and other animals change when they reach adolescence. They become stronger, more aggressive and less predictable. But is their potential to cause trouble enough reason to regulate or prohibit keeping them as household pets? If we allow ourselves to keep dogs (which can be out of control and vicious), why not other animals like chimpanzees, even if they also might exhibit violent behavior? Champions of exotic pet ownership insist that their rights to enjoy the animals outweigh the risks. â€Å"This was not an animal getting out because of a failed cage,† Zuzana Kukol, an exotic-animal owner, told me when I checked in with her after the Ohio massacre. â€Å"The cage was fine. This was a deliberate act of terror. † I visited her and her partner, Scott Shoemaker, on their Nevada desert spread, far removed from their neighbors and home to Bam-Bam, their 500-plus pound lion, and an assortment of other cats. The two lobby against laws restricting animal ownership. Their isolated compound seems a rare example: well fenced, with animals rescued or bred in captivity, apparently healthy. It’s hard to imagine a better alternative for Bam-Bam and their other animals. Yet this week’s events in Ohio and other tragic cases prove that exotic animals present challenges. Nationwide, the laws on keeping wildlife as pets are a confusing patchwork. Enforcement of those that exist is haphazard, and penalties for violations are rarely severe. â€Å"Exotic† is a fluid term for pets, but we ought to be able to agree on a list of animals that historically do not cohabitate with humans and pose such a threat that they must be caged. Then it’s an easy step to come up with federal laws to protect the animals and their neighbors. It’s past time to regulate the wild beasts: us. Peter Laufer, a professor of journalism at the University of Oregon, is the author of the trilogy â€Å"The Dangerous World of Butterflies,† â€Å"Forbidden Creatures† and â€Å"No Animals Were Harmed. †

Fahrenheit 451 Essays (617 words) - Fahrenheit 451,

In the book Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the relationships and attitudes shared between the characters is far from what you would find in society in the real world, yet shows some disturbing similarities. Bradbury made sociological predictions in 1953; he predicted that the world would become a shallow and superficial place. In his world, everything meaningful has almost ceased to exist. There are no books, no deep conversations, and nobody seems to care. People have come to rely on technology and nonsensical information to live their lives. In the book the concepts of marriage and love have changed. ?He clarified it. ?The first time we ever met, where was it and when ? ?I don?t know? It doesn?t matter. In this quote, Montag wants to know how they met, but Mildred claims it doesn?t matter. It doesn?t matter to her how they got together in the first place. Throughout the story line, it shows that Montag and Mildred, the two people who are supposed to be closest, only know as much about each other as their friends do. In this predicted future, marriage has become like two mutual acquaintances that share the same house. They do not share the same bed nor do they have many common interests. The most they interact is when they watch the parlor walls. They are only together because they are, there is no real reason, and they do not love each other. Bradbury?s message is that while they may be married, they do not have an actual marriage where one person loves the other. In Bradbury?s future world, friendships and conversations have become superficial and meaningless. One girl, named Clarisse talked to Montag about what she realized. ?They name a lot of cars or clothes or swimming pools mostly and say how swell! But they all say the same things and nobody says anything different from anybody else.? What we would consider polite small talk in the real world has taken over the fictional world in the book. They talk about meaningless things, have meaningless friends, and still see nothing wrong with that. They purposefully made it that way too, if you don?t talk about anything, then nobody can disagree with what you say and everybody gets along. The problem? Someone always disagrees with something. The solution? They talk about nothing of importance, hence people only talking about cars, clothes, etc. But is it possible to have friends who know nothing about you and talk about nothing? Or vice versa? In Bradbury?s book he shows how people surround thems elves in strangers they call friends, bonding over parlor walls. Bradbury also made a prediction about family. For example, when Montag is sick, he wants Mildred to turn the parlor walls off, but Mildred won?t. Will you turn the parlor off he asked. ?That?s my family.? She answered.? This quote shows Mildred cares more about the parlor walls than her sick husband. The fact that Mildred considers the parlor walls her ?family? over those she is related to and knows, shows a startling similarity to the real world where families bond over the TV and would rather watch the TV than do anything else with their family. In Bradbury?s world, people would rather choose a fictional, technological family then their own flesh and blood. When Ray Bradbury wrote Fahrenheit 451, he showed us a society where marriage, friends and family are all perceived differently than in the real world. He shows a world where marriage is superficial, friendship is shallow, and family is fictional. He used exaggerations to show what he believed might happen if people are not mindful of relations.

Technological society Essays

Technological society Essays Technological society Essay Technological society Essay Critically assess the contention that the introduction of new technologies into an organisation inevitably leads to deskilling. Although the deskilling debate only started in 1974, when Harry Bravermans thesis, Labour and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century was published, the causes for the argument had begun many years earlier, in the 1890s with the introduction of F. W Taylors ideas for reorganising work. Braverman (1920-1976) was a sheet metal worker, and a member of the American Communist party. It was his background in skilled trades that allowed him to analyse the changes that were taking place. As it was Braverman that first came up with the theory of deskilling, it is his definition that should be considered. His definition says that: skill represents the central asset possessed by workers, and that modern capitalist systems of work design, like Taylorism, degrade or deskill work, as a means of controlling and cheapening it. (Braverman, 1974). This Marxist analysis was a direct challenge to the long accepted views and implemented methods of Taylor. Braverman also argued that new technologies play a vital role in deskilling, and by working on new technologies workers build for themselves more modern, more scientific, more dehumanised prisons of labour. Taylor was an American engineer, who developed the idea of Scientific Management over 100 years ago. His principles of organising and controlling work recommended to managers that complex tasks needed to be split up into the maximum number of subtasks possible (Fincham Rhodes, 2005). There were other recommendations given by Taylor, namely the divorce of conception from execution. This told managers that All possible brainwork should be removed from the shop and centred in the planning or laying out department (Braverman 1974:113) It was this that Braverman heavily criticised, and so it must be looked at how the introduction of new technologies could cause this to happen. One of the best known and earliest examples of Taylorism in practice in the workplace is at General Motors plants at the start of the last century. By using Taylors methods, and introducing the assembly line, output increased from 8,700 in 1906 to 34,000 in 1911, 300,000 in 1914, rising to 1.9 million in 1923. (Tolliday Zeitlin, 1992) These massive increases in production came without the use of skilled labour, by 1914, over half the workforce were Southern and Eastern European immigrants, many of whom had no relevant experience, and spoke little or no English (Meyer, 1981). It would therefore seem like the introduction of new technology that caused the giant increases in output did not affect all workers in terms of deskilling, the majority of workers would probably have become more skilled due to their employment. However, labour turnover was at 370% and 71% of these workers left within their first week. These workers were probably most likely to be the unskilled immigrant workers that did not have the reliance on their wages that American workers had for their families. Therefore perhaps deskilling was less prominent than it would first seem due to the introduction of new technology and the assembly line. However, we must also consider why labour turnover was so high at Fords production plants in the early 1910s. Assembly line work is notoriously boring, partly due to the removal of creativity and craft from the workers, which much have been demoralising as these workers had initially been employed for having these qualities. Therefore, the high labour turnover experienced may have been due to workers leaving due to the deskilling that was evidently in existence, and them moving to other production industries that had not yet implemented new technologies. There are also recent examples of the introduction of new technologies into an organisation causing deskilling. In the field of law, in the past lawyers were expected to have a broad knowledge of the law, but today this is not possible due to the volume of legal material that is produced (Webb, 1996). Today, IT takes a much bigger role in a lawyers position, due to the changes in legal practice that have happened due to the technology that was not in existence 10 years ago. Due to the increase in IT, jobs that once required highly skilled employees can now be carried out by less qualified workers (Onwusah, 1997). So again we can see that deskilling has been caused due to the introduction of new technologies. It is important to consider the choice of new technology that is brought into an organisation to see whether it will lead to deskilling. As has been seen in the previous examples, the introduction of the assembly line in motor vehicle manufacturing and the introduction of IT into the practice of law and other professional industries, new technology has caused and created deskilling. However, in some circumstances deskilling would not be caused, but reskilling would occur. In order for new technology to be implemented in an organisation, employees need to have the skills in order to use the equipment. Through training, workers can learn new skills, which are more relevant in todays technological world. A clear example of reskilling can be seen in the field of design. In the past the drawing of plans was very time consuming and required great precision, if points were just 1mm wrong then the whole plan would have to be started again. Now, due to the introduction of Computer Aided Design (CAD) these workers have not only become reskilled, they can use their existing skills in addition to learning new techniques. Employees in this field still need their precision skills, for example when using graphics tablets, but will also gain skills in using the relevant software. This evidence would tend to suggest that the contention that the introduction of new technology into organisations leads to deskilling was incorrect, and that it would depend on what type of technology was introduced. If technology completely takes over a persons role in a company, or takes away the employees need to have particular skills then deskilling is likely to happen, on the other hand if the introduction of new technology can work alongside employees in order to assist and aid them in their work then reskilling is more likely to occur. The type of organisation that the new technology is to be brought into is also an important factor in deciding whether deskilling will be caused. As we have already seen, in the production of motor vehicles deskilling is caused by new technologies. This can also be seen in other secondary sector organisations, for example the textile industry. In the past everything would be sewn by hand, requiring much skill, whereas from the middle of the 19th century technology was introduced, reducing the need for skilled workers, and deskilling those already in the industry. However, if we look at tertiary sector organisations reskilling is probably more likely. In the medical profession, workers at all levels in an organisation are likely to have gained more skills due to the introduction of new technologies than becoming deskilled. At the lowest level, for example a receptionist in a GP surgery, records are now stored electronically as well as on paper, increasing the complexity of their work. Looking at a higher level, a GP still has to go through years of training to become fully qualified, and now also has to be computer literate, for example in order to produce prescriptions and use diagnostic software. In addition to this, developments in the technologies available to surgeons have meant that much more skilled operations can be carried out, which in turn has increased the skill requirements required to perform operations. On the other hand, if we look at another service occupation, the field of banking, obvious deskilling has taken place. A bank clerk was once a highly regarded profession, requiring years of training. However, today the banks have reduced their qualification requirements for recruits. This is due to the computer age, as all transactions can now be carried out electronically, removing the skills that were once required. It cannot therefore be said that the introduction of new technology will always lead to deskilling in an organisation, each individual situation would need to be looked at separately in order to decide upon this. As it has so far been difficult to quantify whether new technologies will lead to deskilling or not, it is helpful to look at and consider any research that has been carried out on this subject. Data from the Swedish Level of Living surveys that were carried out between 1968 and 1991 by a group at the Swedish Institute for Social Research is probably one of the most important tools available when looking at deskilling due to the introduction of new technology. The surveys had a sample size of around 3,000 people, who were in employment and of working age. The differences between classes of jobs is shown to be important when looking at whether deskilling takes place. This can be seen from the diagrams on the next page, produced using results from the survey. Diagrams from (Jonsson, 1998:614). As we can see from these charts, there is a mixture of deskilling and upskilling, which can be related to the social class of work. For both sets of data, the two social classes that have obviously been upskilled are W4, which is lower grade white collar workers, including typists and B2, which is unskilled manual workers, including assemblers and cleaners. This is also supported by other works, for example The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, which claims that blue collar work has been upgraded through automation and technical development (Bell, 1973). On the other hand if we take the class of W1, which is the upper service class, including engineers, employees opinions are that this field has been deskilled due to the introduction of new technology, supporting the contention. However, data is only available up to 1991, and if a survey were to be carried out today then I would expect due to the massive increase in information technology over the past 15 years that peoples opinions would have changed to that of upskilling. Bravermans thesis on deskilling suggested that due to the degradation of work from the introduction of new technology, employees became bored in their role. However, the Swedish research seems to oppose this, as can be seen from the table below: (Jonsson, 1998:613) Over the time period, for both men and women, the percentage of monotonous content in jobs has decreased, suggesting again that there has been a general upskilling of jobs, contesting Bravermans views. Nevertheless, it must be remembered that this is a general trend, and that some lower level white collar workers may experience deskilling, due to the impact that the introduction of new technologies has on their roles. Finally the idea that the introduction of new technologies into an organisation will inevitably lead to deskilling must be considered. Few things can ever be certain to happen, and from the evidence that we have seen, deskilling is probably unlikely to occur in todays ever expanding technological society. In conclusion, it would seem that the contention that the introduction of new technologies into an organisation inevitably leads to deskilling is incorrect, and each individual situation needs to be looked at in order to see if the contention can be proved, however it would appear as the world gains a greater reliance on technology, skills are not being decreased, but the type of skills required is changing.